Urbanization in nigeria is mainly demographically driven without. In this article we explore the problems of urbanization in nigeria and possible solutions. To locate the origin of urbanization today, we go back in time to identity the earliest form of urban life as beginning in the middle and near eastnear what is today iraqaround 3,500 bc. Urbanization in subsaharan africa center for strategic. Several factors are responsible for the rapid rate of urbanization witnessed in nigeria. Iii the impact of urbanization on rural land use christopher bryant encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. This figure is projected to increase to 75 percent by 2050, at a growing rate of 65 million urban dwellers annually. In nigeria, the discovery of oil and the citing of the seat of power in lagos and subsequently abuja has led to the urbanization of cities such as port harcourt, calabar and warri. An overview of the spatialdemographic dynamics of nigerias urban.
Environmental impact of urbanization in nigeria odafivwotu ohwo1 and abel abotutu2 1department of geography and environmental management, niger delta university, wilberforce island, bayelsa state, nigeria. Nonetheless, urban population is increasing more rapidly in developing countries like. The central intelligence agency cia, 2003 reported that 49. Agunbiade department of urban and regional planning, university of ibadan, nigeria abstract this study used a case study methodology to examine the issue of land. Problems and prospects of urbanization in nigeria the introduction. Nigeria, with a population of about 186 million people 48% living in urban areas in 2016, is the most populous country in africa and eighth in the world, and by 2050 it is projected to become the third largest country in the world. According to the 2017 drivers of migration and urbanization in africa report by the united nations, more than half of the global population now lives in urban areas. Urban shares in japan were low until the 20th century. Urbanization and its political challenges in developing. This has become necessary in view of the critical role housing plays in the life of an individual and society at large. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed to obtain a sample of 180 respondents, 90 households head each from rural and urban areas.
This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. Thus the rapid rate of urbanization in nigeria is characteristic of economic growth without development. The preliminary census data for 1991 although the 1991 census figure is still controversial. Mumbai is the most populous city in india, and the eighth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area. The rapid rate of urbanization accompanies an extremely high rate of unemployment in the cities. In other words, despite the widely held perception that lagos is an overbearing megacity, nigeria s urban population is spread across four large conurbations bloch et al. Urbanization and its social vices in nigeria research and. Global urbanization map showing the percentage of urbanization per country in 2015 guangzhou, a city of 14. Implication for planning and lowincome housing delivery in lagos, nigeria implications for lowincome housing in lagos, nigeria. An analysis of housing problems in the federal capital. Pdf on mar 6, 2016, paul adekola and others published migration, urbanization and environmental problems in nigeria find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Jamal and weeks have noted that before the discovery and production of petroleum, nigeria was a state characterized by a relatively narrow rural urban gap, and therefore urban. For instance, the annual rates of urbanization in nigeria for the periods 19651970, 19701975 and 1975 1980 were 4. The problem has been due to recent high population growth rate and rural urban migration, which has.
Rural areas are large and isolated areas of an open country with low population density. Lagos urban area is home to approximately 33% of the lagos state population sunday and ajewole 2006. Estimation also suggests further increase to 68% by 2020. These were the periods of the oil boom and expansion in public expenditure. State, nigeria abstract the study examined factors affecting household food security status among rural and urban farming households of benue state, nigeria. Lagos, nigeria continues to grow in population density and urbanization. Impact of globalization on food consumption, health and. Apart from illustrating the extent of urban settlement in nigeria, these data sets show that nigeria has a fairly balanced urban system. Urbanization in the united states began to increase rapidly through the 19th century, reaching 40 percent by 1900. According to ogunbodede 2010 urbanization rate in nigeria is growing at an annual rate of 2. The vanishing rural urban gap in living conditions between the.
The challenges of meeting millennium development goal 7 in metropolitan lagos, nigeria tunde agbola elijah m. Socioeconomic challenges and opportunities of urbanization. In the next decade, there will be about 2 billion new city residents, accounting for around 60% of the worlds population. Pdf environmental impact of urbanization in nigeria. The role of food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries in human nutrition vol. The tremendous changes that are taking place in modern africa are largely. Asia, despite its relatively lower level of urbanization, is home to 54% of the worlds urban population, followed by. According to 8, residents of urban centers in nigeria in 1950 were less that 15 per cent of the population. From the above evidences, the problem of urban poverty in nigeria is certainly becoming more serious and alarming as compared to the rural poverty. Housing deficit, urban migration and slum development in abuja, nigeria abeku, d.
This rate of urbanization was, however, outpaced by japan. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. Nigeria has one of the highest poverty rates in subsaharan africa and the third largest number of poor people in the world, after china and india. Not only has nigeria experienced one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the world, its. In 1975, new york, tokyo and mexico city were the only megacities. Urbanisation, ruralurban migration and urban poverty. Abstract increased population coupled with rapid urbanization has led to the unavailability of affordable decent accommodation which has caused many urban residents to seek shelter in unacceptable living places like the slums. We analyse the role of globalization on dietary change and lifestyles in nigeria, trends in malnutrition in urban.
Rural development in general is used to denote the actions and initiatives taken to improve the standard of living in non urban neighborhoods, countryside, and remote villages. Studies have shown that nigeria urban groundwater quality is influenced by the geology and geochemistry of the environment, rate of urbanization, industrialization, landfilldumpsite leachates, heavy metals, bacteriological pollution, and effect of seasons. One of the consequences of this unprecedented increase. In portraying the dynamics and drivers of urban population growth and the spatial expansion process, it presents an integrated analysis incorporating. Housing deficit, urban migration and slum development in. Urbanization in nigeria igi global urbanization in nigeria is described, and on the basis of the population increases an urban hierarchy is suggested, with lagos on top, growing at a sustained rate four times the national average. This increasing urbanization is producing the need for urban and regional planners in nigeria to develop policies which can control and manage urban development. Due to the ongoing urbanisation and growth of the worlds population, there will be about 2. High rate of urbanization, everincreasing population of urban dwellers in conjunction with the increasing social expectations of the people are all responsible for housing problems in nigeria. Urbanization is the process of human agglomerations in multifunctional settlements of relatively substantial size.
Urbanization is simply population shift from rural areas to urban areas which leads to the gradual increase of people living in urban areas in a geographical region this is in no way a new phenomenon, as so many of us living in the urban areas of the country actually moved from a more rural area. In nigeria, the rate of urbanization is increasing at an alarming rate. Urbanization and effective town planning in nigeria. The paper concludes that despite their obvious problems, cities. Similar conclusions have been drawn from the evidence of other african countries simon, 1997. The report analyses urbanisation and urban expansion in nigeria. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. Major causes of urbanization in nigeria research cyber.
Migration, urbanization and environmental problems in nigeria. Ibimilua and ibimilua 2011 identified the problems of urbanization as inadequate housing, unplanned development, improper maintenance of. Megacity an urban agglomeration with a population of 10 million or more. Planning sustainable urban growth in nigeria the united nations. More than half of the worlds population lives in urban areas. Urbanization challenges and housing delivery in nigeria. Turning finance into services for 2015 and beyond rural water supply rural water and sanitation agencies should be established in states where this has not been done and their roles substantially limited to facilitation and capacity building of local government areas. The urban population of the world has grown rapidly from 751 million in 1950 to 4. The increasing level of concentration of people in urban centres of nigeria is summarized in table 2. Nigeria is remarkable for its high percentage of urbanization. Large scale, capitalistic grain farming urbanization processes in different countries reflect the differential evolution of human values. Pdf on jan 10, 2015, odafivwotu ohwo and others published environmental impact of urbanization in nigeria find, read and cite all the. In 2009, 21 urban agglomerations qualified as megacities, accounting for 9. This has become necessary in view of the critical role housing.
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